Operating System

This is called the system software because it is the software that provides the infrastructures on which other computer programs/applications (runs). It is the most important software in a computer.

There are different types of Operating System (OS). Dome of them are premium software while others are either free or open source software. Both the premium and open source OS have similar functions but with varying capacities and uniqueness.

The following are the most common premium operating systems in no particular order.

• Windows OS
• Mac OS
• Google Chrome OS
• Android OS (Mainly for Phones and Tablets)

Windows Operating System

Windows Operating System is designed by Microsoft Corporation and primarily targeted to Intel architecture based computers. It is the most licensed Windows Operating System in the history of personal computers.

It was first released in 1985, as an operating environment running on top of MS-DOS, which was the standard operating system shipped on most Intel architecture personal computers at the time. In 1995, Windows 95 was released which only used MS-DOS as a bootstrap.

Over the years, Windows Operating System families now have newer editions like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10 and many Windows Server OS.

Mac Operating System

macOS is a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. , the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers.

It is the successor to the original classic Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessor, macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the 1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997.

Google Chrome Operating System

This is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed by Google. It is developed out of the open in the Chromium OS open source variant and Google makes a proprietary variant of it.

It will interest you to know that Chromium OS targets computer users who spend most of their time on the Internet, and hence it is mainly a web browser with limited ability to run local applications, but has a built-in file manager, media player, and Android apps support.

It mainly relies on Internet applications used in the web browser to accomplish tasks such as word processing and it is the operating system shipped out in Chromebooks.

Android Operating System

This is mainly for Phones and Tablets. It is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets.

It user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input.

In addition to smart phones devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. variants of the Android OS. It is also the OS used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and some other electronics.

The following are the most common free or open source operating systems in no particular order.

• Unix OS
• Linux OS
• Ubuntu OS

Unix Operating System

Unix was originally written in assembly language. It was later rewritten in C, developed into a large, complex family of inter-related operating systems which have been influential in every modern operating system.

Note that the Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major sub- categories including System V, BSD, and Linux. "UNIX-like" is a term commonly used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble the original UNIX.

Linux Operating System

Linux is UNIX-like operating system. The Linux kernel originated in 1991, as a project of Linus Torvalds, while a university student in Finland. He posted information about his project on a newsgroup for computer students and programmers, and received support and assistance from volunteers who succeeded in creating a complete and functional kernel.

Although Linux is Unix-like, it was developed without any Unix code, unlike BSD and its variants and because of its open license model, the Linux kernel code is available for study and modification, which resulted in its use on a wide range of computing machinery from supercomputers to smart-watches.

Ubuntu Operating System

Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system, with Unity as its default desktop environment. It is built on Debian 's architecture and infrastructure, to provide Linux server, desktop, phone, tablet and TV operating systems with an operating system.

It releases updated versions predictably every six months and each release then receives free support for nine months in the following areas:

• Security fixes
• High-impact bug fixes
• Conservative and substantially beneficial low-risk bug fixes.

Any of these operating systems can definitely satisfy your OS need depending on the kind of computer user you are.

Although, for the sake of software programs or applications compatibility, it is always better to go for the popular and most commonly used ones like Windows OS, Mac OS, and Linux OS.

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Operating System is system software that manages computer hardware and application programs. It is the most important software that runs on a computer; while Windows Operating System which is a graphical user interface operating system developed by Microsoft is the operating system most personal computer users installed on their computers.

With this book, you will quickly learn and acquire the skills to understand and effectively get the best from your Windows Operating System Personal computer. These are what you will learn:
*Introduction to Operating System
*Windows Operating System Overview
*Windows Operating System Installation
"Basic Windows Operating System Operations (Tasks)
*Control Panel applets and their functions
*Disk Defragment
*Disk Partitioning
"Windows Operating System Upgrade
*System Restore
*How to Clean up a Virus Infested Personal Computer
*Disk Formatting

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Android Application Development Tools

Android Application development is a trending technology area at the moment and having the skills set for this is very good and an improvement avenue for seasoned programmers and great place to start your programming career as a newbie or beginner.

The basic foundation required is Java programming. But you as kick start your learning process with android Application development as long as you are a fast learner and you put in the required attention and dedication.

Android Application Development Tools

There are three basic android applications development tools that you need for developing android Apps. These are:

• Java Development Kit (JDK)
• Android SDK
• Eclipse
• Android Studio

Java Development Kit

This is a highly professional cross-platform SDK platform created and regularly supported by Oracle Corporation.With a goal of providing specific implementation of Java SE, Java EE and Java ME platforms developers from all around the world use it. Because of its strong development support, this SDK package represents the most popular and widely used Java SDK platform for creation of both enterprise projects and open-source projects of all sizes. Popularity of Java Development Kit is present not only because of the absolutely astonishing set of tools, services and features that this package offers, but also because in late 2006 Oracle released this SDK under the GNU General Public License, making it free for everyone.

You can download JDK Offline Installer Setup by using this link. Download Java Development Kit now

Android SDK

This is the official software development package for developers who want to create Android Applications that can take full advantage from entire Android hardware and software ecosystem. With fully integrated software stack that enables seamless access to SDK tools, plugins and utilities, anyone can easily start producing your first Android applications. The core parts of Android SDK including Tools, Android Platform Tools, latest Android platform , and latest Android system image for emulator are already included in the package. However, according to your own requirements, you can change system images and create your application for any android OS version you require.

You can download Android SDK Offline Installer Setup by using this link. Download Android SDK now

Eclipse

This is an open source IDE package whose projects are focused on building an extensible development platform, runtimes and application frameworks for building, deploying and managing software across the entire software lifecycle.

It was built by the Eclipse Foundation, this great software package gives developers from all around the world true Cross-platform integrated development environment for building Java-based applications of all shapes and sizes. In addition to Java, Eclipse can also perfectly manage building projects in many popular programming languages such as C, C++, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Fortran, Haskell, JavaScript, R, Groover, Scheme, Earlang, Scala, Lasso and many others.

You can download eclipse Offline Installer Setup by clicking this link: Download Eclipse now

Android Studio

This is a popular software development environment owned by Google that enables programmers and engenders from all around the world direct access to the tools for coding, debugging, performance optimizing, version compatibility checking, hardware
compatibility checking (various android devices and screen size, including tablets), and many other tools that can help developers to better automate process of coding and enable quicker iteration and discovery. Android Studio features all of those tools, including many that can help programmers to easily create their android-based project from conception to final distribution. That includes tools for design, test, debug, compiling and profiling your app.
Note that it is an alternative to Android SDK.

You can download Android Studio Offline Installer Setup by clicking this link: Download Android Studio now

Installation and Setting up the Development Softwares

You will need to first install Java Development Kit (JDK) because the other once requires Java runtime environment which is a component of JDK before they can be installed. Once you successfully install JDK, the next thing is to set its path.
You can now install the other two softwares that is Android SDK and Eclipse. After that, you should now get set to develop your first android application.

To accelerate your learning, you search for video and any other android development tutorials online.


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Computer software is a collection of machine-readable instructions that consist of encoded information which enable a user to interact with a computer. With this book, you will quickly learn the following:

• Software Categories.
• Software and their Functions.
• Professions and Associated Software Programs.
• Book/Digital Publishing Tools and Software.
• Android Application Development Software and Resources

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Apache OpenOffice Free Productivity Software

Apache OpenOffice software is an office and business productivity tool that you can use its programs to typeset and produce professional documents, prepare presentation document for delivery to an audience, analyze and perform computations, design graphics, etc.

Apache OpenOffice is an open-source office software suite that is very proficient and help you to save the money that you could have used to get a premium office software.

Advantages of Apache OpenOffice

Using Apache OpenOffice program has three major advantages as stated below:

• It is a free and proficient application without any form of restrictions as you can save your Apache OpenOffice Writer document as a .doc file for instance to make it compatible with Microsoft Word.
• For independent authors, Apache OpenOffice Writer document exported as PDF is of a higher quality to same done with Microsoft Word because of its better image output.
• It also comes preloaded with lots of images in its gallery which you can use in your work.

Download Apache OpenOffice

You can download Apache OpenOffice software for free once you are connected to the internet. Ensure you select either 32bits or 64bits version according to your system requirements. Download it now by using this link: Apache OpenOffice

Install Apache OpenOffice

Once you have downloaded the Apache OpenOffice software into your computer, you can now proceed to install it.

It do not require any activation key being an open-source software. Just double click on the installer and then click the "yes" button to permit the installation. Follow through the installation processes and then click the "finish" button once installation is complete.

Using Apache OpenOffice

You can now go ahead and enjoy this great and proficient application in the following areas.

• You use the Apache OpenOffice "Text Document" Writer which is a word processor to typeset, edit, and proofread your document just as you use Microsoft Word.
• You use the Apache OpenOffice "Presentation" to create or design a presentation document just as you use Microsoft PowerPoint.
• You use Apache OpenOffice "Spreadsheet" which is a spreadsheet program to perform computations, Analysis of data, financial documentation etc just like you use Microsoft Excel. 
• You use Apache OpenOffice "Database" which is a Dada management program to collect and manage large amount of data just like you use Microsoft Access.
• You use Apache OpenOffice "Drawing" which is a graphics design program to design custom graphics. 
• You use Apache OpenOffice "Formula" for writing and editing mathematical formulas. 

Note that most of its shortcuts a the same with Microsoft Office programs and hence that makes it even easier to get started with this application.

Extensions

There are many Apache OpenOffice extensions available that you can use to get more from this software. Download Apache OpenOffice extensions available at SourceForge here.

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Photoshop Skills

Photoshop is a raster graphics design and editor software. It is an handy tool for graphics designing and photography.

Getting Started With Photoshop

The best way to quickly build your Photoshop skills is to first study the software environment or interface. This will enable you to get yourself familiar with its tools and other components of the software.

Photoshop Tools

Photoshop has some great tools that you will enjoy using once you get to know their functions.

The various Photoshop tools are described below:

Marquee Tool

This Photoshop tool can be used to make selections that are single row, single column, rectangular or elliptical and the selected can then be edited without affecting the rest of the image.

Lasso Tool

This tool is the freehand version of the marquee tool.  It is used to make a custom selection by drawing the selection by freehand.

Shape Tools

Photoshop have different tyoes of shape tools such as polygons, rectangles, rounded rectangles, and ellipses.

Measuring and Navigation Tools

Photoshop tools that fall in this category are: Eyedropper tool, Handtool, and Zoom tool.
The eyedropper tool is use to select a color from an area of an image and samples it for future use.
The zoom tool is use to enlarge the part of an image to have a closer view.
The hand tool is use to pan an image by moving it in any direction.

Pen Tool 

This tool creates precise paths that
can be manipulated using anchor points.

Eraser Tool

This Photoshop tool is used to erase content on an active layer.

Moving Tool 

This Photoshop tool can be used to highlight a part of an image and manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas.  It can also be used to drag the entirety of a layer.

Cropping Tool

This Photoshop tool can be used to select a particular area of an image to save that selected portion and discard the portions outside the selection.

Magic Wand Tool

This Photoshop tool selects areas of an image based on pixels of similar values. A single click will select all neighboring pixels of similar value within a pre-set tolerance level.

Clone Stamp Tool

Photoshop Clone Stamp tool is use for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. It is use to colour one part of an image over another part of the same image. This same is true for any document or layer.

Selection Tools

Photoshop selection tools are used to select all or part of an image to perform retouching operations on it or copy the image.

Slicing Tool

Photoshop slice tool is used to divide an image into different sections. It is very useful in website design and development where the separate parts of a sliced image can be used as pieces of a web page by applying HTML and CSS to them.

Photoshop File Format

The default file format of Photoshop is PSD (PhotoShop Document). Others are JPG and GIF.

What You can Do with Photoshop

You can use Photoshop in retouching or editing an image (Photography) or in create custom images (Graphics design).

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3. Web Design and Development

If you want to quickly build your Photoshop skills, you can check out my Photoshop book which is available in Amazon.

Photoshop Fundamental: The
How of Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is good graphic software that you can easily learn and use most especially if you already have a basic knowledge of computer. With Photoshop, you can design graphics, edit pictures, create animation, and do paint work. You can then output your work as a .PSD, JPEG, PDF,or GIF and many other formats.

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How To Use Microsoft Word to Format Your Manuscript as an eBook

Some indie authors who are techy use Sigi or Calibre softwares to format their manuscrips for publishing as an eBook which requires the knowledge of HTML and CSS.  But many still prefer using Microsoft Word to format their manuscript for publishing as an eBook and then save it as a .doc document or .docx document. If you are the type that prefer this second option, then this Will surely interest you.

As an indie author, properly formatting and editing your manuscript should be your highest priority. To do this rightly, the following guides will be of great help to you in professionally formatting your manuscript to acceptable standard of major eBook publishing and distribution platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct, Smashwords and Google books.

eBook Formatting Tips

Once your book is well written and properly formatted, you will surely get good feedback from readers in the form of sales and positive reviews. 

1. Save the manuscript in Microsoft word as a .doc document (Save As 1997-2003).


2. Properly edit and proof read, as well as removing all tab and spacebar spaces. To do this, ON the Show/Hide MS word feature to guide you.


3. Create and use custom styles to format the front and end matter of your book.


4. You can directly apply Bold, Italics, and Underline where necessary.


5. Create the working Table Of Content using the Bookmarking method which converts well in both Smashwords and Amazon KDP Direct unlike inserting table of content through Reference menu which is not acceptable  in Smashwords.


6. Simulate the eBook with your smart phone device to have a feel of it. If you are convinced it is great, congrats.


7. Login to your platform account and follow through the procedures to publish it.


8. Spread the news of your book being live on your published platforms.


9. Start implementing your planned promotional strategies.

Good luck. You now know the basic tips to get your manuscript professionally formatted using Microsoft Word.
The next thing is to apply this eBook formatting knowledge in formatting your next book.
If you recently published à title, then it is time to start work on your next book too.

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2. How to Open U.S Payoneer Checking Bank Account and Use it to Receive Royalties via EFT
3. Microsoft Word
4. eBook Cover Design Tips
5. Tips on eBook Formatting and Preparation for Publishing

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An Introduction to Computer Software

Computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer’s processor to perform specific operations.

NOTE: The second part of computer components is “hardware” which is the physical components of the computer.

Just like the spiritual controls the physical, computer softwares controls the hardware.

SOFTWARE CATEGORIES

Some of the basic different categories of  computer softwares are listed below:
Anti-virus (Avast, AVG)
Anti-spyware (Spybot, Spyware Terminator, USB Security)
Benchmarking (PC wizard, RamDisk, hwMonitor)
Developer Tools (Dreamweaver, Notepad++, Inno setup, NetBeans, Eclipse, JavaSDK, Compozer, PHPMYSQL)
Browser and Plugins (Firefox, Chrome, Operamini, Interet Explorer, Netscape, Filezilla, FireFTP)
CD, DVD and Blue-ray (Burnware)
Cleaning and Tweaking (C-cleaner, Recuva, Revouninstaller, Rufus, MyDefrag, Wise Registry)
Compression and Backing up (WinRAR)
Desktop Enhancement (Rapid typing tutor, RocketDock, Search Everything, Dexpot, Wise Auto Shutdown)
Drivers (Wireless, Sound,)
File sharing (TeraCopy, Explorer)
File Transfer and Network (Filezilla, FireFTP, Free Download Manager, Kitty, Hotspot Shield)
Firewalls and Security (Microsoft Essential)
Imaging and Digital Photo (Google Earth, Photoshop, CorelDraw)
MP3 and Audio (Audacity, VLC)
Video (Movie maker, VLC, Windows Media Player)
Messaging and Chat (Skype, Nimbus)
Office and Business Tools (Adobe reader, Sumatra PDF, Microsoft Office programs, PDF Password Remover, FeedDemon)
Engineering (MATLAB, AutoCAD, Solid works, ANSYS).

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How to Manually Submit your Blog or Website URL to Search Engines to Enhance SEO

Once your blog is live and set, with some posts already published. The next great step is to manually submit your blog's URL to search engines instead of expecting them to find it on their own and hence enhance it search engine optimization (SEO). By doing this, you accelerate the process of search engines crawling your blog and enhancing its visibility.

The following steps will guide you on how to do it.

1. To submit to Google directly, go to www.google.com/webmasterstools/submit-url or click submit URL now to direct you to the Google search console address and follow the easy process there. The figure below shows you what the search console looks like. 
   
2. You can also submit to Google and other search engines like Bing,and Yandex through third party sites like AllTops.com, exactseek.com, and entireweb.com.

Submitting your blog or website URL manually to search engines is a sure and tested way to improve the search engine optimization of your blog or website.

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How to Add your Website URL to your Social Media Profile

Using social media to enhance the visibility of your blog or website and hence driving targeted traffic through them to your site is a great social media marketing strategy.

You can use your skills to do this without paying for any service or use targeted Ads on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Google+.

The following is a guide on how you can add your website or blog URL to your different social media profile to give the site additional visibility:

Twitter Profile

To add your website URL tto your profile.

• Sigin to your account. 
• Click on your profile at the top right corner where you have @name. 
• Click edit profile. 
• Input your website or blog URL in the field provided for it. 
• Click the Save button.

Facebook Profile

To add your website URL to your Facebook profile.

• Login to your Facebook account.
• Click the Profile tab.
• Click Edit profile. 
• Under websites, click Edit, and then click Add s website and enter your site's URL in the field provided for it.

These are just some of the few ways you can use social media to create more visibility for your website or blog.

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Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel is one of the most powerful spreadsheet applications. It is a powerful program because of its uses like to manage data, perform mathematical operations, create charts, balance a checkbook, create an expense report, build formulas, and perform analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, regression, T-test and other statistical Analysis.

Getting Started with Microsoft Excel

The first step in learning Microsoft Excel like any other computer program is familiarizing yourself with its "User Interface and Tools". You will then need to most importantly, know, practice and use of its built-in functions.

What You can Do with Microsoft Excel

With a good know-how of this spreadsheet program, you can do the following effectively on your own.

• Create, manage, and analyze data like the list of your employees, their age, sex, state/country, department, discipline, Salary, etc.
• Create, manage and analyze your firm's financial status.
• Perform Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
• Solve mathematical problems like equations and matrices.
• Automate most of your tasks using Visual Basic for Application Excel (VBA).

MICROSOFT EXCEL USER INTERFACE

Microsoft Excel has now replaced its menu bar and toolbars with The Ribbon . This is the area above
the formula bar. I will discuss the most commonly used components of this Excel interface below:

The Home Menu

This contains all the most commonly used functions and tools in Excel. The AutoSum, copy and paste, text and number alignment, and find/replace tools are here but notice that they have their own groups: the Clipboard command group holds the clipboard tools, the Font group holds the font tools and like that.

The Ribbon

This is a key graphical interface feature of Excel. It is a toolbar that contains icons for the most common commands. Think of the Ribbon, which is new to Excel, as a Turbo Toolbar. It helps speed your workflow by enabling easy navigation to the tools you need. Unlike the old style menus, which you have to open each time you want to use a tool, the Ribbon's toolbars stay exploded open.
To see the Ribbon in action, create a small table of data in a worksheet, then select the Insert menu tab. The Ribbon changes completely, filling its width with an array of objects that you can
insert into a worksheet.

The clipboard viewer

This is a component ofthe usual copy and paste tools. Clipboard Viewer lets you paste any of 24 clipboard items
that you previously copied to the clipboard. You have to click on the Clipboard group's dialog launcher to open the Clipboard Viewer. If you leave open the Clipboard Viewer and copy several worksheet cells to the clipboard, the clipboard viewer dynamically updates with each copy, displaying
the source and content of the copied item.

The Insert Menu

This menu fills the width of the Excel Ribbon with icons whose tools and
functions insert objects into worksheets. For example, the command groups Tables, Illustrations, Charts, SmartArt, Links, and Text hold objects you can insert in worksheets. Using the Pivot Tables you can quickly arrange lists and tables.

The Formula Menu

Whem you click this menu, it loads onto the Ribbon the functions and components you need to do computations on your data. Here are the command groups for the Formula menu: the Function Library, with subcategories (like financial, logical, data and time) of functions you can use to run calculations on your data.
the Define Names group, which lets you
create, for example, a name to refer to a cell, table, or any other object. By using names, you won’t have to use range name like “c5:c37"
You also have Formula Auditing, which lets you track down and validate the inputs to your worksheet's functions and Calculation, which lets you specify when and how often worksheet functions get recalculated.

The Review Menu

This contains tool groups for spell-checking your workbook, adding comments to it, and locking it to prevent unauthorized changes to your data. The level of control you have here
is considerable. For example, using the "Allow Users" to Edit Ranges tool, you can specify exactly which users on your network may modify data in your workbook. You can create such permissions down to the level of a worksheet cell, or any range of cells.
Note that as an organization, you need to use this menu to great advantage.

The View Menu

Using this menu, you can work with tools for arranging windows, so you can see the data in your workbook clearly. Take note of the following tools from the View menu:

Workbook Views: With this, you can apply different views to your worksheets, e.g. a full screen view and print preview.

Show/Hide: With this, you can expose or hide gridlines and column and row headings.

Zoom: With this, you can zoom in or out on data.

Window: With this, you can open new windows to view two distant parts of the current worksheet at the same time.

Macros: With this, you can record scripts that automate Excel with your project procedures.

The Developer Menu

This menu contains tool groups that developers can use to extend and automate Excel's out-of-the-box functionality. Included here are tools to record macro scripts, in fact you can create scripts to automate any procedure you want in excel using Visual Basic for Excel and import XML files. With the Controls command group, you can also add buttons to your worksheet, to call up custom forms for data entry or a macro script.

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Microsoft Word

Microsoft word is a word processor that allows the computer to function as a type writer by making it possible to manipulate texts.

With Microsoft Word, you can produce a soft copy of a document which you can then print into hard copy at will, distribute as a .doc document, convert it to PDF, or publish it to an eBook. 

Getting Started With Microsoft Word

The first step in learning Microsoft Word like any other computer program is familiarizing yourself with its "User Interface and Tools". You will then need to most importantly, know, practice and use of its tools.

What You can Do with Microsoft Word

With a good know-how of this Word processor program, you can do the following effectively on your own.

• Typeset your manuscript or document.
• Properly edit your manuscript.
• Proof read your manuscript.
• Format your manuscript as an eBook or print book.
• Typeset different form of files like letter, invoice, receipt, cover letter, curriculum vitae, business proposal, etc.
• Insert image in your document.
• Insert table in your document.
• Export the file into other formats like PDF or HTML.
• Prepare the proper reference style for your school project, seminar work, or book.

These are some of the things you can do with your knowledge of Microsoft Word.

MICROSOFT WORD USER INTERFACE 

The user interface/environment of Microsoft Word is presented below in detail.

Work Space (Text Area)

The work space framed between the rulers and the scroll bars is a large area looking like a blank sheet of paper. This is the text area where you type the text of the document. You will see a blinking
vertical line in the top left corner. This is the Cursor. The typed characters appear at the location of the cursor. As a character appears at its location, the cursor moves to its immediate right.

Title Bar

This shows the name of the active document. When a new document is started, Word gives it a generic name as
‘Document 6’ and this is displayed on the title bar. When you save the document with a name,
that generic name on the title bar is replaced by the one you named the document.

Quick Access Toolbar

This contains some of the most frequently used commands such as Save, Undo, Redo. You can add more
commands to the Quick Access Toolbar as per your need by customizing it. This toolbar helps you to perform Word tasks speedily by providing one-click
access to most oftten used commands.

Window Controls

This contsins a set of three buttons in the top right corner of the program window.
The button on the right displaying an x, which functions as the Close button . On clicking, this button closes the current document but not the Word programme.
The left button is the Minimize button which minimizes the program window to the taskbar.
The middle button, sporting a rectangle, is the Maximize button, which, on clicking, maximizes the Word. Another click on it then restores the program window to its previous size.

Ribbon

Think of the Ribbon as a collection of
seven horizontal tabbed toolbars arranged on top of each other. These toolbars are accessed through their tabs. The toolbars have command
buttons, menus and input boxes arranged in groups. Some groups have dialog launchers (downward pointing arrow) which, when clicked, displays a dialog box related to that group.
Note that at any given time, only one tabbed toolbar is visible. When Word is launched, the Home tab is current and the toolbar attached to it is at the top, enabling you to invoke its commands by clicking them. When any other tab is clicked, its toolbar comes to the top and you can use the commands stored on it.

Office Button

When you click the 'Office' button, it reveals a drop-down menu showing commands for file operations. These commands are listed below:

• New 
• Open 
• Save 
• Save As 
• Print 
• Send 
• Publish 
• Close
• Word Options 
• Exit Word

Help Button

This is located below the Window Controls in the top right corner of Word window, and when clicked it brings up the Word Help window. In this window you can search for any topic and get clarification on it.

Rulers

The horizontal ruler here is used to set tabs and indent text. You use the vertical ruler to set vertical location of text in the document. If the rulers are not visible, click the View Ruler button immediately below the Ribbon on the
extreme right to make it visible.
The rulers show measurements in inches or centimetres, depending on the units of measure specified in Word Options.

Status Bar

This displays document information such as the current page number and total number of pages, word count, language, proofing error notification, and some other information. You can customize the information display by right clicking the status bar and and making selections out of the context menu that pops up.

View Buttons

The buttons here allow you to use five important document views options as described below:

Print Layout View : This view shows the document as it will look when it is printed. Always use it to preview your document before sending it for print.

Full Screen Reading View : This view shows the document on full screen to make reading your document more comfortable for proofing.

Web Layout View : This enables you to see your document as it would appear in a browser such as Chrome, Firefox or
Internet Explorer.

Outline View: This displays the document in outline form in which headings could be displayed without the text. When you move a heading, the accompanying text will move with it.

Draft View : This is most frequently used view option for editing a document.

Zoom Tools

This zoom slider lets you zoom out or zoom in the current document. The zoom range is from 10% to 500%. The current zoom level is displayed on the taskbar immediately left of the slider. Clicking the zoom level opens the Zoom dialog where you can specify the desired zoom level.

Vertical and Horizontal Scroll Bars

The vertical scroll bar is located at the extreme right of the Word window while the horizontal scroll bar is at the bottom of the window just above the status bar. Vertical scroll bar is always visible while the horizontal scroll bar appears only when the document width
exceeds the screen width.
The scroll bars let you scroll the document up and down vertically or left-right horizontally. To scroll, you need to click and drag the scroll box showing three vertical/horizontal lines.

You may like to check out my Microsoft Word book on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, Apple or any other of your favorite eBook store.

Amazon US

Amazon UK

Related posts:

1. Tips for the Beginners Indie Author
2. How to Open U.S Payoneer Checking Bank Account and Use it to Receive Royalties via EFT 
3. How To Use Microsoft Word to Format Your Manuscript as an eBook
4. eBook Cover Design Tips
5. Tips on eBook Formatting and Preparation for Publishing

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JavaScript

What is JavaScript?

This is a scripting language. It is a language for the web, server, Personal computers, Laptops, Tablets, Phones, etc.

It is used to add interactivity to HTML pages that is giving the pages some level of dynamism.

A scripting language is a lightweight programming language. It can be inserted into HTML pages and it is an interpreted language (that is scripts execute without preliminary compilation).

JavaScripts can be place in the head or body section of HTML document. Nevertheless, it is a common practice to put Javascripts in the head section, or at the bottom of a web page such that they are all in one place and do not interfere with page content.

Getting Started With JavaScript

The first step in learning JavaScript is to know that it is a client side scripting language used to give dynamic features to static web pages.
You will then have to know tools you need to be able to work on
JavaScript. These tools are: Web editor and a web browser.
You also need to know JavaScript output methods and variable rules.

What You can Do with JavaScript

With a good know-how of JavaScript
programming language, you can do the following effectively on your own.

• Make your web pages interactive with users.
• Provide clients with useful feedback.
• Create web base applications
• Create animation.
• Customize website page appearance.
• Examine or change HTML form data.
• Improve the navigation of your website. 

You may like to check out my JavaScript book on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, Apple or any other of your favorite eBook store.

Amazon US

 Amazon UK

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Tips on eBook Formatting and Preparation for Publishing

One of the most important as of independent publishing is formatting your manuscript for publishing as an eBook or print book. This must be properly or professionally done to compliment all the other aspects of the self-publishing processes.

The following guides will be of great help to you in professionally formatting your manuscript using Microsoft Word to acceptable standard of eBook publishing and distribution platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct, Smashwords and Google books.

1. Save the manuscript in Microsoft word as a .doc document.


2. Properly edit and proof read, as well as removing all tab and spacebar spaces. To do this, ON the Show/Hide MS word feature to guide you.


3. Create and use custom styles to format the front and end matter of your book.


4. You can directly apply Bold, Italics, and Underline where necessary.


5. Create the working Table Of Content using the Bookmarking method which converts well in both Smashwords and Amazon KDP Direct unlike inserting table of content through Reference menu which is not acceptable  in Smashwords.


6. Simulate the eBook with your smart phone device to have a feel of it. If you are convinced it is great, congrats.


7. Login to your platform account and follow through the procedures to publish it.

Note that a properly or professionally formatted book has greater chances of success than when it is not well formatted.

Hacking Through eBook Publishing Skills: Formatting And Marketing Simplified

Good number of copies sold through my small traditional publishing firm and now made available in digital format so that independent authors any where in the world can have easy access to it because it will be of great help to many.

Amazon US - Amazon UK

Related posts:

1. Tips for the Beginners Indie Author
2. How to Open U.S Payoneer Checking Bank Account and Use it to Receive Royalties via EFT 
3. How To Use Microsoft Word to Format Your Manuscript as an eBook
4. eBook Cover Design Tips

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